35.1 & 35.2

35.1

1. Identify

-Brasila: new capital city of Brazil located in the country's interior.

-land reform: breaking large states and distributing that land to peasants

-standard of living: quality of life

-recession: the slowdown in the economy

-PRI :main political party in Mexico (Institutional Revolutionary Party)


2.Taking Notes
Steps toward into democracy

Brazil: Generals allowed direct elections of local, state, and national officials & Fernando achieved some success in tackling the nation's economic and political problems & maintained an elected civilian government.

Mexico: Nationalized the Mexican oil industry, and kicked out foreign oil companies & opposition parties continued to challenge the PRI and in 1997 they won a large number of congressional seats-denying the PRI control of the congress for the first time in its history.

Argentina:Generals agreed to step down and in 1983 Raul Alfonsin was elected president, and he continued to rebuild democracy and the economy.

3. Comparing and Contrasting
In Brazil, military dictators ruled for two decades and their actions caused their economy to boom, however the government froze wages and cut back on social programs and caused a decline in the quality of life. In Mexico, several generals were elected, but they did not rule as military dictators. In Argentina was ruled by Juan Peron who was an army officer, and they offered programs with broad popular appeal, but limited freedoms. However after his wife Eva died, his enemy's being the church and military moved against him and he was driven out. Next they ruled for 3 decades and then Peron for one more years. Their economy was in terrible shape and murders and torture were everyday events. The government killed at least 10,000 people.


4. Analyzing Themes
The state of the nation's economy affects its democratic progress because if it is not in good shape than neither is their democratic progress. In order to have democratic progress all other problems must be taken care of. If the economy is in ruins than it will be hard for people to agree on anything; there will be too many problems for people to vote on and more opportunity for conflict.



35.2


1.Identify

-federal system: power shared between state governments and a central authority.
(In Nigeria they set up three states, one for each region and ethnic group )

-martial law: Temporary military rule was established by a group of army officers (most of them Igbo, and they seized power in the capital city of Lagos and abolished the regional governments)

-dissidents- opponents of government policy

-apartheid:a complete separation of the races.

-Nelson Mandela: African National Congress Leader



2.Taking Notes

Nigeria- Developed federal system and set up three states, one for each religion. They had a war with Biafra, and there was a declaration of martial law. Attempted nation-rebuilding.

Both- European Policies Cause Problems: colonial boundaries making national identity almost impossible to develop. Economic problems because Europeans saw colonies as a way of wealth. Also, Africans were moved far from their family, and there was little done to educate the majority of the African people. Military government rule.

South Africa-Apartheid segregates society; banned social contact between blacks and white. However, blacks protests the controls imposed by the white minority; forming the African National Congress. Imprisonment of Nelson Mandela.F.W. de Klerk was elected president & he released Nelson Mandela.First universal elections were held in 1994. A new, more democratic contrition was passed in 1996.

3. Identifying Problems
I think that the main problem that Nigeria must overcome before it can establish a democratic government is to first off get their economy in its best order. Next i think that they need to get some supporting groups, to get people motivated so that they have a chance for change. The military is going to need to stop governing Nigeria, and they need to somehow get political power back, other wise the chance for democracy is hopeless.


4.Theme Activity : Partner/Team Work